BBIBP-CorV vaccination accelerates anti-viral antibody responses in heterologous Omicron infection: A retrospective observation study in Shanghai.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate how BBIBP-CorV vaccination affecting antibody responses upon heterologous Omicron infection. METHODS: 440 Omicron-infected patients were recruited in this study. Antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleoprotein of both wild-type (WT) and Omicron were detected by ELISA. The clinical relevance was further analyzed. RESULTS: BBIBP-CorV vaccinated patients exhibited higher anti-RBD IgG levels targeting both WT and Omicron than non-vaccinated patients at different stages. By using a 3-day moving average analysis, we found that BBIBP-CorV vaccinated patients exhibited the increases in both anti-WT and Omicron RBD IgG from the onset and reached the plateau at Day 8 whereas those in non-vaccinated patients remained low during the disease. Significant increase in anti-WT RBD IgA was observed only in vaccinated patients. anti-Omicron RBD IgA levels remained low in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients. Clinically, severe COVID-19 only occurred in non-vaccinated group. anti-RBD IgG and IgA targeting both WT and Omicron were negatively correlated with virus load, hospitalization days and virus elimination in vaccinated patients. CONCLUSIONS: BBIBP-CorV vaccination effectively reduces the severity of Omicron infected patients. The existence of humoral memory responses established through BBIBP-CorV vaccination facilitates to induce rapid recall antibody responses when encountering SARS-CoV-2 variant infection.

A scenario modelling analysis to anticipate the impact of COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents and children on disease outcomes in the Netherlands, summer 2021.

BackgroundSince the roll-out of COVID-19 vaccines in late 2020 and throughout 2021, European governments have relied on mathematical modelling to inform policy decisions about COVID-19 vaccination.AimWe present a scenario-based modelling analysis in the Netherlands during summer 2021, to inform whether to extend vaccination to adolescents (12-17-year-olds) and children (5-11-year-olds).MethodsWe developed a deterministic, age-structured susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model and compared modelled incidences of infections, hospital and intensive care admissions, and deaths per 100,000 people across vaccination scenarios, before the emergence of the Omicron variant.ResultsOur model projections showed that, on average, upon the release of all non-pharmaceutical control measures on 1 November 2021, a large COVID-19 wave may occur in winter 2021/22, followed by a smaller, second wave in spring 2022, regardless of the vaccination scenario. The model projected reductions in infections/severe disease outcomes when vaccination was extended to adolescents and further reductions when vaccination was extended to all people over 5 years-old. When examining projected disease outcomes by age group, individuals benefitting most from extending vaccination were adolescents and children themselves. We also observed reductions in disease outcomes in older age groups, particularly of parent age (30-49 years), when children and adolescents were vaccinated, suggesting some prevention of onward transmission from younger to older age groups.ConclusionsWhile our scenarios could not anticipate the emergence/consequences of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, we illustrate how our approach can assist decision making. This could be useful when considering to provide booster doses or intervening against future infection waves.

NEWS2, 4C Mortality Score, COVID-GRAM, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Quick scales as outcomes assessment tools for severe COVID-19 (pilot retrospective cohort study).

To study the predictive ability of the NEWS2, 4C Mortality Score, COVID-GRAM and qSOFA scales in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalized in a multidisciplinary hospital. Material and methods. The pilot retrospective cohort study used data from 90 patients (52 -- intensive care unit subgroup, 38 -- general unit subgroup) with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 hospitalized in the O. M. Filatov City Clinical Hospital № 15 (Moscow) from January to March 2021. Results. The probability of a positive outcome of the disease significantly negatively correlates with the patient's age (R=-0,514;p=0,0002). The best correlation with the COVID-19 outcome had a 4C Mortality Score (R=0,836;p=0,0001). Logistic regression revealed a significant dependence of the "outcome" and "age" parameters with the greatest accuracy in the form of age subgroups according to the World Health Organization classification with odds ratio (OR) of 4,29 (p=0,0001). As a result of ROC analysis, the best predictive ability of disease outcomes was shown for the 4C Mortality Score (area under curve (AUC)=0,878;95% confidence interval (CI): 0,782- 0,975 (p=0,00001)) and COVID-GRAM (AUC=0,807;95% CI: 0,720- 0,895 (p=0,00001));taking into account the division of patients into age subgroups, optimal predictive tools were obtained: in subgroups 18-44 years old and 45-59 years old -- the 4С Mortality Score (AUC=0,892, 95% CI: 0,762-0,980 (p=0,002) and AUC=0,853, 95% CI: 0,784-0,961 (p=0,0014), respectively);in the subgroup 60-74 years old -- the COVID-GRAM (AUC=0,833, 95% CI: 0,682-0,990 (p=0,038));in subgroups 75-90 years and >90 years -- NEWS2 (AUC=0,958, 95% CI: 0,807-1,0 (p=0,002) and AUC=0,818, 95% CI: 0,713-0,996 (p=0,006), respectively). ROC analysis showed that the age of 70 years is the threshold value, above which the probability of an unfavorable COVID-19 outcome increases significantly (OR=11,63;95% CI: 9,72- 12,06 (p=0,0052)). Conclusion. The pilot study showed the significance of predicting the hospitalization outcome of patients with severe COVID-19. The 4C Mortality Score and COVID-GRAM scales had the best predictive accuracy. The specificity and sensitivity of the scores depended on the age of a patient. The age of 70 years was the threshold value at which the risk of an adverse outcome increased significantly. Based on the data obtained, it is planned to study the problem of predicting the disease course, taking into account the severity of COVID-19. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Цель. Исследовать прогностическую способность шкал NEWS2, 4C Mortality Score, COVID-GRAM и qSOFA в предсказании клиниче- ских исходов у пациентов с тяжелой формой COVID-19 (COrona VIrus Disease 2019), госпитализированных в многопрофильный стационар. Материал и методы. Ð’ пилотном ретроспективном когортном исследовании использованы данные 90 больных (52 пациен- та -- подгруппа отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии, 38 пациентов -- подгруппа коечного отделения) с подтвержден- ным диагнозом COVID-19, госпитализированных в ГКБ â„– 15 им. О. Ðœ. Филатова (г. Москва) в период с января по март 2021г. Результаты. Вероятность положительного исхода заболевания, зна- чимо отрицательно коррелирует с возрастом пациента (R=-0,514;Ñ€=0,0002). Наилучшую корреляцию с исходом COVID-19 имеет оцен- ка по шкале 4С Mortality Score (R=0,836;Ñ€=0,0001). Логистический регрессионный анализ выявил значимую зависимость параметров "исход" и "возраст" с наибольшей точностью в виде возрастных под- групп по классификации Всемирной организации здравоохранения с отношением шансов (ОШ)=4,29 (Ñ€=0,0001). Ð’ результате ROC- анализа лучшая предсказательная способность исходов заболевания показана для шкал 4С Mortality Score (AUC -- area under curve (пло- щадь под кривой)=0,878;95% доверительный интервал (ДИ): 0,782- 0,975 (p=0,00001) и COVID-GRAM (AUC=0,807;95% ДИ: 0,720-0,895 (p=0,00001);с учетом разделения пациентов на возрастные подгруп- пы получены оптимальные предиктивные инструменты: в подгруп- пах 18-44 лет и 45-59 лет -- шкала 4С Mortality Score -- AUC=0,892, 95% ДИ: 0,762-0,980 (Ñ€=0,002) и AUC=0,853, 95% ДИ: 0,784-0,961 (Ñ€=0,0014), соответственно;в подгруппе 60-74 лет -- шкала COVIDGRAM -- AUC=0,833, 95% ДИ: 0,682-0,990 (Ñ€=0,038);в подгруппах 75-90 лет и >90 лет -- шкала NEWS2 -- AUC=0,958, 95% ДИ: 0,807-1,0 (Ñ€=0,002) и AUC=0,818, 95% ДИ: 0,713-0,996 (Ñ€=0,006), соответствен- но. Совместное использование шкал 4С Mortality Score и COVIDGRAM снижало их прогностическую ценность -- AUC=0,784, 95% ДИ: 0,689-0,814 (Ñ€=0,008). С помощью ROC-анализа показано, что воз- раст 70 лет является пороговым значением, при превышении кото- рого значимо увеличивается вероятность неблагоприятного исхода COVID-19: ОШ=11,63;95% ДИ: 9,72-12,06 (Ñ€=0,0052). Заключение. Результаты пилотного исследования показали до- стоверность прогнозирования исхода госпитализации пациен- тов с тяжелой формой COVID-19. Наилучшей предсказательной точностью обладали шкалы 4С Mortality Score и COVID-GRAM. Специфичность и чувствительность оценок по шкалам зависела от возрастапациента. ВозрРст 70 лет являлся пороговым значением, при достижении которого риск неблагоприятного исхода значимо увеличивался. На основе данных проведенного пилотного исследо- вания запланировано изучение проблемы прогнозирования тече- ния заболевания с учетом степени тяжести COVID-19. (Russian) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Cardiovascular Therapy & Prevention is the property of Silicea-Poligraf LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Case Reports of COVID 19 Recurrence.

CASE REPORT OF COVID 19-Recurrence We describe as case series of 7 patients who presented with a recurrence of COVID 19 by PCR test an average of 94.9 days after their initial symptomatic presentation of illness. Patients had tested negative by PCR or had evidence of antibodies in between the 2 episodes. The majority of patients were asymptomatic on the second presentation and were found incidentally on prescreen for procedures, surgery. The subsequent positive COVID-19 PCR tests resulted in cancellations of clinic, procedures, surgery, and impacted patients' home and employment status. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms and ultimate outcomes of these recurrences.

Potential Causes and Consequences of Gastrointestinal Disorders during a SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Coronaviruses cause several human diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome. The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a huge threat to humans. Intensive research on the pathogenic mechanisms used by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is urgently needed-notably to identify potential drug targets. Clinical studies of patients with COVID-19 have shown that gastrointestinal disorders appear to precede or follow the respiratory symptoms. Here, we review gastrointestinal disorders in patients with COVID-19, suggest hypothetical mechanisms leading to gut symptoms, and discuss the potential consequences of gastrointestinal disorders on the outcome of the disease. Lastly, we discuss the role of the gut microbiota during respiratory viral infections and suggest that targeting gut dysbiosis may help to control the pathogenesis of COVID-19.